Basic parts of a motorcycle and ITS functions

The motorcycle is the favorite means of transport for many people. This status has been achieved thanks to a series of advantages that make it unique since it allows you to save money and time in your travels (especially if we talk about the city). In addition, the motorcycle is the motorized vehicle with less gasoline, maintenance is much cheaper than that of a car, in addition to the feeling of freedom and agility that it conveys in its driving.

Today we want to review the motorcycle and its components. Ideal for those who are entering the world of two wheels for the first time and want to know and identify the parts of their motorcycle. We will try to explain some basic concepts for newbies in which we will show the main parts of a motorcycle.

# 1 ACCELERATO
The accelerator is a device that increases or decreases engine speed. To use the accelerator:

1. Hold the central part of the throttle grip with your right hand
2. Don't hold it too hard, you can give it to yourself
3. Turn the throttle slowly backward to increase speed, and outward to reduce speed
   
   

# 2 CHAIN

Check for excessive slack in the drive chain. It is dangerous to drive with a loose chain, as it could get out of the drive gear and become entangled with the rear wheel and could cause it to fall off your motorcycle. The slack in the chain should not be more than 20 mm.

# 3 CHASSIS

The chassis is the backbone of the motorcycle, to which all components are installed and connected. The chassis provides support points for the engine and the gas tank, as well as a pivot point where the steering rod is installed. Another pivot point is placed for the scissors, which incorporates the suspension and the rear wheel with the chassis. This can be simple, double-cradle, multitubular, stamped sheet, double beam, monocoque, etc.

1. The cradle frame is made of a single main steel tube above the engine, and smaller tubes below.
2. The perimeter frame consists of two strong aluminum arms, which connect the head of the steering to the rear swingarm. Some Italian motorcycles use a version of this design in steel, with a large number of short tubes forming a lattice
3. There is also the column frame, a simple design, in which the motor hangs from a thick main tube.

It is usually preferably made of steel or aluminum, in more rare cases in magnesium, carbon or titanium. The rigidity and geometry of the chassis are vital for its stability. Normally the necessary stiffness depends on the engine power and dynamic characteristics. Today all motorcycles are equipped with suspensions, in order to keep the wheels in contact with the ground for as long as possible through irregularities, ensuring stability and increasing ride comfort.

Motorcycles are increasingly complex and today, with advanced technology, they have exceeded 320 kilometers per hour, where chassis designs have also had to evolve to meet the performance and safety requirements.

The chassis must be lightweight, but strong enough to support all the components of the motorcycle. Additionally, the chassis must have structural rigidity while maintaining flexibility when necessary.

# 4 CONTROLS

Apply the throttle, clutch, front and rear brake to ensure that they are working properly.

# 5 HORN

Press the horn button lightly to make sure it works.

# 6 OIL TANK

Check that the engine oil is between high and low levels. If it is low, top up with new engine oil to the required level.

# 7 GASOLINE TANK

Before driving, perform a visual and operational check on your motorcycle. This will reduce the chances of an accident while traveling by road, which will create discomfort for other users. It also minimizes the emergency situation that can result in accidents.

# 8 ESCAPE

Through this part, the motorcycle can expel the gases burned during combustion (carbon monoxide and other harmful agents). It is generally constituted by an exhaust manifold that collects the exhaust gases at the outlet of the cylinders prolonged by an evacuation device. The same engine can have several exhaust pipes. The exhaust pipe serves, in particular, to reduce noise and pollution.

Through a system that reduces noise: "the silencer", and allows reducing pollutant emissions, by catalysis and by filtration, thanks to the particle filter and catalyst. Also, the exhaust pipe participates in the operation of the engine:

If it is too free, the engine increases its power (the cylinder empties better after each explosion), but heats up even more and consumes more. If it is too clogged, the motor denotes a lack of power. In two-stroke engines, the distension tube allows to improve both the emptying of the cylinder and the compression.

# 9 REAR-VIEW MIRRORS

Adjust the mirrors until the shoulder end can be seen at the bottom edge of the mirror. Do not adjust the mirror while the motorcycle is running.
# 10 LIGHTS

Turn on the following lights to verify that everyone is working:

• Dipped and road light
• Front position light
• Hazard warning light (if available)
• Flashing
• Rear position light
• Brake light

# 11 LEFT HANDLE

The purpose of the clutch lever is to connect and disconnect engine power to the rear wheel. It is used when changing gears. To use the clutch lever:

Hold the clutch lever fully with the left hand with all four fingers, with the thumb hold the handlebar

Squeeze the clutch lever quickly and hold

Release slowly after selecting the correct equipment

# 12 RIGHT HANDLE

The brake lever is located on the right side of the handlebar and is used to reduce speed or stop the motorcycle. The right lever drives the front wheel brakes

To use the front brake:

Hold the handle with your thumb and the front brake lever with your four fingers

Squeeze the lever gently with your fingers

The more you pull on the lever, the greater the braking effect

A correct use of the brakes is to brake slowly, using both the front and rear brake gently. It will be appropriate to step on the brake a little and release it to activate the stoplights, warning the previous vehicle in advance and then proceed to slow down slowly.

# 13 ENGINE

The motor of a motorcycle is its heart, and the different types applied, dictate the character of the machine. It is normally powered by a two or four-stroke petrol engine (2T and 4T), although lately both times are being reserved for smaller displacements due to environmental reasons that is why most of today's motorcycles are four time. Older motorcycles, and many race bikes, use two-stroke units that reach an amazing peak power for their size. As the engine is designed to burn oil, emission regulations have restricted sales in recent years. Some scooters are currently powered by electricity.

The number of cylinders varies from one, usual in smaller displacements, up to 6 in line, the 4 in line and two in V with different angles being very frequent arrangements. The two parallel transverse cylinders was the most common system in the largest displacements until the 1970s. From then on, the 4 cylinders were popularized extraordinarily.

The engine is normally positioned transversely, that is, the crankshaft is perpendicular to the gear, regardless of the number of cylinders. The lubrication is done in a common way for the engine and the change, except in the two times (2T). The feed is made by carburetor, The most frequent provision to date is that the fuel injection is displacing them by environmental regulations (emission of gases).

The engine was originally started by magneto and platinos, without battery; Then by coil and battery, first of plates, then transistor hoisted and nowadays totally electronic. The ignition DIS or "lost spark", first of platinum and then electronic, became popular since the early 1970s, with the massive arrival of the Japanese tetra cylindrical, that is, that the distributor was not known in this type of engines.

In the past air cooling was the most normal, nowadays the liquid cooling with which it competes has taken an extraordinary boom.

Inside the engine we have:

Pistons

Motorcycles generally have one or two pistons. The action of the piston in the combustion chamber creates the energy that powers the motorcycle. It does so through a two or four stroke combustion system. Two-stroke motorcycle engines have a simpler mechanism and must have mixed oil and gasoline to lubricate and boost the engine. Four-stroke motorcycles have two cycles, one for admission and one for escape. Four-stroke motorcycle oil is kept separate from gasoline. There is less wear on a four-stroke engine, so they tend to last longer.

Camshaft

The camshaft has two tasks that are essential for the operation of your motorcycle: the first is to move the piston through two or four times. The other is to make sure the valves open at the right times.

Valves

The valves work with both the piston and the camshaft to provide fuel to your motorcycle engine. The valves are the conduit between the gas tank and the engine parts that require gasoline. Therefore, maintaining a tight seal around the valves is important. Without proper sealing your engine will lose compression, which translates into loss of power on the road.

Cylinders

The cylinder is a less important part of the motorcycle than is the absence of a part. The "cylinder" refers to the area where the piston moves. This is where the propulsion action, the combustion is carried out on the motorbike of a motorcycle: in the cylinder, in the middle of all the revolutions of the piston, there is a small explosion inside the engine. The pistons move quickly up and down in the cylinder, sometimes at several thousand revolutions per minute.

Carburetor

The carburetor mixes air with gasoline before the fuel enters the motorcycle's cylinder. Ensuring proper mixing of gasoline with air is important for the operation of a motorcycle engine. The excess of either will cause the bike to not work properly, which leads to the firecracker and low power.

# 14 TIRES

Check for punctured, deflated, damaged or worn rung tires (less than 1.6 mm deep).

# 15 TRANSMISSION

The transmission of the movement that drives the motorcycle is carried out, in its simplest form, with a chain engaged in a few sprockets and connected to the axle of the rear wheel. This chain is greased to wear less and its operation is quieter. Normal assembly is light and reasonably reliable, but requires regular adjustments and lubrication.

The way in which we transmit the power of our engine to the rear wheel, is what we normally know with the name of secondary transmission and during the history of the motorcycle, this system has been in constant evolution.

They generally have a gear shift that is controlled by one of the handlebar grips or by a lever-operated with the foot; some models of little displacement have changed by variator (pulley system that keeps the engine speed constant while the vehicle speed is changing), although models with automatic clutch and sequential gear change are already emerging.

The most common transmission system is that of gears and a chain, in which the crankshaft wheel connects to the clutch. This allows us to connect and disconnect the transmission of movement from the engine to the wheel.

In the section of disadvantages, we will always find its maintenance not too complicated consisting of cleaning, greasing and tension that will guarantee us a more than acceptable duration if we perform these tasks with some regularity, another of the characteristic disadvantages is the dirt that causes finding motifs of grease that is detached by the centrifugal force produced when rotating at high speed.

But some machines offer an alternative, the gimbal, this is used in cases of longitudinal and transverse motor. Many modern motorbikes use a gimbal system, where the mounting of a drive shaft turns the rear wheel. The disadvantage here is the weight, but the advantage is low maintenance and increased reliability.

# 16 LEFT PEDAL

This pedal activates the gear change and for this, it is necessary to use the left foot. It is used to select the proper gear to match the speed and power of the motorcycle. Most motorcycles have five gears (1st to 5th), but some may have a 6th gear. The purpose of the gears is to drive the motorcycle forward. Gear shift involves the coordination of the shift pedal, accelerator and clutch. Good coordination of these controls is necessary to have a smooth change of gears.

To change gear:

• Squeeze the clutch lever quickly and completely
• Press the gearshift pedal to shift to a lower gear or lift the pedal with the toe to change to a higher gear
• Release the clutch lever gradually after selecting the proper gear
• Turn the throttle grip towards you to increase speed

# 17 RIGHT PEDAL

Foot brake pedals are used to reduce speed or stop the motorcycle. To operate the brakes:

1. Place your right foot slightly on the brake pedal
2. Press down the pedal with your foot with the ankle movement to reduce speed or stop the motorcycle
3. The higher the pressure on the pedal, the greater the braking effect

Each time the brake pedal is depressed, the brake warning lights illuminate, warning the vehicles behind your intention to stop well in advance. This braking method should not be done when stopping in an emergency.

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